Evidence library
Well established

Competition, not cooperation, dominates interactions among culturable microbial species

Foster KR, Bell T · Current Biology 2012

Experimental (in vitro)

Key finding

Across hundreds of species pairings, competitive interactions vastly outnumbered cooperative ones.

In plain language

An important corrective. When researchers systematically tested species against each other, most relationships were competitive, not mutually helpful.

How much weight this carries

Repeatedly demonstrated, with agreement across independent groups.

Cite or read it

Foster KR, Bell T (2012). Competition, not cooperation, dominates interactions among culturable microbial species. Current Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.005

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